The following is my review of a study published in Osteoporosis International in 2011 titled Does dietary protein reduce hip fracture risk in elders? The Framingham osteoporosis study by D. Misra, S. D. Berry, K. E. Broe, R. R. McLean, L. A. Cupples, K. L. Tucker, D. P. Kiel & M. T. Hannan.
Introduction
This article was part of the Framingham Osteoporosis Study. The Framingham Osteoporosis Study is a large, population-based study of elderly men and women. There have been numerous studies previous conducted on the association between dietary protein and bone mineral density. However, the results have been unclear or conflicting. This study examined the the relationship between dietary protein intake and the incidence of hip fracture in elderly men and women.
Methods
The Framingham Study started in 1948 with the enrollment of two thirds of the households in Framingham, MA between the ages of 28-62. The purpose was to study the risks factors of heart disease over 60 years with biennial examinations. The current study obtained it's test subjects from the 1988-1989 baseline exam attendees that completed the Food Frequency Questionnaire (126 questions). They excluded participants with a previous history of hip fracture. This yielded a sample of 946 study subjects. They obtained protein intakes, and other baseline information (smoking, physical activity, calcium and vit D intakes, etc from the FFQ. Femoral neck BMD was obtained by Lunar dual photon absorptiometry.
Results
Over an 11.6 year follow up of the 946 subjects, 100 suffered hip fractures (80 females, 20 males). Increased protein intake showed a mild protective effect, however it was not statistically significant.
Commentary
I'm not sure what to make of this study. I'm a little skeptical of studies based on questionnaires due to the inherent errors from subjects not being 100% truthful. I was a little confused by the 1000 year incident rate information. Also, the fact that all the subjects were taken from the same geographical location limits it's ability to represent a larger, worldwide population.
References
Misra D., Berry S. D., Broe K. E., McLean R. R., Cupples L. A., Tucker K. L., Kiel D. P., & Hannan M. T. (2011). Does dietary protein reduce hip fracture risk in elders? The Framingham osteoporosis study. Osteoporos Int . 22:345–349. DOI 10.1007/s00198-010-1179-4
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